INTELLIGENT INFRASTRUCTURE ECONOMIC ZONES

The Migration and Relocation of Port Terminals have emerged as defining spatial transformations in the evolution of ports
over the past few decades. Relocation refers to the complete transfer of operations from an existing terminal to a new site, with the
original facility being closed once the move is finalized. Migration, by contrast, involves the addition of a new terminal site while the
existing facility continues to operate.

Migration and relocation can have far-reaching implications for governance, as existing port authorities may lack jurisdiction over
newly developed sites. In such cases, institutional restructuring or the creation of new governance frameworks may be required to
manage the expanded geography of port operations.

Although numerous factors drive port terminal migration – such as the pursuit of additional space, improved infrastructure, or access
to deepwater facilities (see figure) – there remain several significant impediments that can hinder or slow down these spatial
transformations.