Robert Crane

Accurate positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) are essential to the maritime sector. Precision timing, primarily provided
through the Global Positioning System (GPS), is particularly important. However, GPS signals are low-power and unencrypted, making
them susceptible to both intentional and unintentional disruptions. Both China and Russia have developed layered, capable and
resilient backups to GPS. The U.S. failure to do so has become a national security threat.

This panel discussion focuses on a variety of possible options for ports and pilots – offering critical solutions/alternatives to help
protect, toughen or augment GPS to address national security, economy and public safety needs.